ES基本查询
2.7 基本查询(Query查询)
2.7.1数据准备
PUT /lib3
{
"settings":{
"number_of_shards" : 3,
"number_of_replicas" : 0
},
"mappings":{
"user":{
"properties":{
"name": {"type":"text"},
"address": {"type":"text"},
"age": {"type":"integer"},
"interests": {"type":"text"},
"birthday": {"type":"date"}
}
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:lisi
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:zhaoliu&sort=age:desc
2.7.2 term查询和terms查询
term query会去倒排索引中寻找确切的term，它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword 、numeric、date。
term:查询某个字段里含有某个关键词的文档
GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
"query": {
"term": {"interests": "changge"}
}
}
terms:查询某个字段里含有多个关键词的文档
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query":{
"terms":{
"interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
}
}
}
2.7.3 控制查询返回的数量
from：从哪一个文档开始 size：需要的个数
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"from":0,
"size":2,
"query":{
"terms":{
"interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
}
}
}
2.7.4 返回版本号
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"version":true,
"query":{
"terms":{
"interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
}
}
}
2.7.5 match查询
match query知道分词器的存在，会对filed进行分词操作，然后再查询
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"name": "zhaoliu"
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"age": 20
}
}
}
match_all:查询所有文档
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
multi_match:可以指定多个字段
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query":{
"multi_match": {
"query": "lvyou",
"fields": ["interests","name"]
}
}
}
match_phrase:短语匹配查询
ElasticSearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变：
GET lib3/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase":{
"interests": "duanlian，shuoxiangsheng"
}
}
}
2.7.6 指定返回的字段
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"_source": ["address","name"],
"query": {
"match": {
"interests": "changge"
}
}
}
2.7.7控制加载的字段
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"_source": {
"includes": ["name","address"],
"excludes": ["age","birthday"]
}
}
使用通配符*
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"_source": {
"includes": "addr*",
"excludes": ["name","bir*"]
},
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
2.7.8 排序
使用sort实现排序： desc:降序，asc升序
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order":"asc"
}
}
]
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order":"desc"
}
}
]
}
2.7.9 前缀匹配查询
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase_prefix": {
"name": {
"query": "zhao"
}
}
}
}
2.7.10 范围查询
range:实现范围查询
参数：from,to,include_lower,include_upper,boost
include_lower:是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true
include_upper:是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"birthday": {
"from": "1990-10-10",
"to": "2018-05-01"
}
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"age": {
"from": 20,
"to": 25,
"include_lower": true,
"include_upper": false
}
}
}
}
2.7.11 wildcard查询
允许使用通配符* 和 ?来进行查询
*代表0个或多个字符
？代表任意一个字符
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"wildcard": {
"name": "zhao*"
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"wildcard": {
"name": "li?i"
}
}
}
2.7.12 fuzzy实现模糊查询
value：查询的关键字
boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0
min_similarity:设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为0.5，对于字符串，取值为0-1(包括0和1);对于数值，取值可能大于1;对于日期型取值为1d,1m等，1d就代表1天
prefix_length:指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0
max_expansions:查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"fuzzy": {
"interests": "chagge"
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"fuzzy": {
"interests": {
"value": "chagge"
}
}
}
}
2.7.13 高亮搜索结果
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"interests": "changge"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"interests": {}
}
}
}